Metástase hipofisária de adenocarcinoma mamário: relato de caso / Pituitary Metastasis of Mammary Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Somente 1% de todas as cirurgias hipofisárias são realizadas para tratar tumores metastáticos desta região. Os focos primários mais comuns são respectivamente mama e pulmão. Neste artigo, descrevemos uma paciente com antecedente de adenocarcinoma mamário, que se apresenta com paralisia oculomotora súbita à direita. O objetivo do trabalho é descrever um caso de metástase mamária para a região selar, evidenciando dados clínicos e radiológicos que tornam tal diagnóstico plausível.

Only 1% of all pituitary surgeries are performed to treat metastatic tumors in this region. The most common primary sites are breast and lung respectively. In this article we describe a patient with previous breast adenocarcinoma presenting with oculomotor palsy sudden right. The objective is to describe a case of breast metastasis to the sellar region, showing clinical and radiological findings that make this plausible diagnosis.

Anestesia para craniotomia em paciente acordado: relato de caso / Anesthesia for awake craniotomy: case report / Anestesia para craneotomía en paciente despierto: relato de caso

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Alguns procedimentos intracranianos são possíveis com pacientes acordados e os desafios vão da cooperação do paciente até a homeostasia. O objetivo é apresentar um caso de cirurgia intracraniana para exérese de tumor em lobo parietal esquerdo com o paciente em estado vígil. RELATO DE CASO: Após seleção do paciente e preparo psicológico, foi esclarecida e aceita a proposta de exérese de lesão parietal esquerda em estado vígil. Administraram-se propofol e remifentanil em perfusão contínua para manter o escore de Ramsay entre 2-3. Foi feito um bloqueio bilateral do escalpo com ropivacaína. Foi instalado o fixador de Mayfield e os campos cirúrgicos foram ajustados para manter vias aéreas e olhos acessíveis para o mapeamento com eletroestimulação e exérese da lesão. Para incisão da dura-máter foi aplicada uma compressa com lidocaína 2% por três minutos. A cirurgia transcorreu sem intercorrências. O paciente recebeu alta hospitalar no sétimo dia de internação sem apresentar complicação. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de ser um desafio manter analgesia e estabilidade hemodinâmica com o paciente acordado, a infusão alvo-controlada do propofol estabeleceu o nível de consciência desejado; a do remifentanil titulou a analgesia e a sedação sem o acúmulo da droga e o bloqueio com a ropivacaína, uma analgesia satisfatória. Concluímos que a técnica anestésica foi satisfatória para nosso paciente.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some intracranial procedures are achievable with patients awake, however, there are challenges ranging from patient compliance to homeostasis. The aim of this study is to present a case of intracranial surgery for removal of a tumor in the left parietal lobe with the patient awake during the procedure. CASE REPORT: After patient selection and psychological preparation, the proposed excision of the left parietal lobe lesion in the waking state was clarified and accepted. Continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil was administered to maintain a Ramsay score of 2-3. The bilateral scalp blockade was performed with ropivacaine. The Mayfield head fixation device was installed and drapes adjusted to maintain the airway and eyes accessible for mapping with electrical stimulation and tumor excision. For dura mater incision, a pad with 2% lidocaine was applied for 3 minutes. The surgery was uneventful. The patient was discharged on the seventh day of hospitalization without presenting complication. CONCLUSION: Although the maintenance of analgesia and hemodynamic stability was a challenge with the patient awake, the target-controlled infusion of propofol provided the desired level of consciousness, remifentanil titrated analgesia and sedation without drug accumulation, and the blockade with ropivacaine provided satisfactory analgesia. We conclude that the anesthetic technique was satisfactory for our patient.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Algunos procedimientos intracraneales se pueden hacer con pacientes despiertos y los retos van desde la cooperación del paciente hasta la homeostasia. El objetivo aquí, es presentar un caso de cirugía intracraneal para la exéresis de tumor en el lobo parietal izquierdo con el paciente en estado de vigilia. RELATO DE CASO: Después de la selección del paciente y dela preparación psicológica, se aclaró y aceptó la propuesta de exéresis de lesión parietal izquierda en estado de vigilia. Se administraron propofol y remifentanilo en perfusión continua para mantener la puntuación de Ramsay entre 2-3. Se hizo un bloqueo bilateral del escalpo con ropivacaína. Se instaló el fijador de Mayfield y los campos quirúrgicos se ajustaron para mantener las vías aéreas y los ojos accesibles para el mapeo con la electroestimulación y la exéresis de la lesión. Para la incisión de la dura madre se aplicó una compresa con lidocaína al 2% durante tres minutos. La cirugía transcurrió sin intercurrencias. El paciente recibió alta hospitalaria al séptimo día del ingreso sin presentar complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de ser un reto mantener la analgesia y la estabilidad hemodinámica con el paciente despierto, la infusión objeto controlada del propofol estableció el nivel de consciencia deseado; la del remifentanilo tituló la analgesia y la sedación sin la acumulación de la droga y el bloqueo con la ropivacaína, una analgesia satisfactoria. Concluimos por tanto, que la técnica anestésica fue satisfactoria para nuestro paciente.

Anesthesia for awake craniotomy: case report.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some intracranial procedures are achievable with patients awake, however, there are challenges ranging from patient compliance to homeostasis. The aim of this study is to present a case of intracranial surgery for removal of a tumor in the left parietal lobe with the patient awake during the procedure. CASE REPORT: After patient selection and psychological preparation, the proposed excision of the left parietal lobe lesion in the waking state was clarified and accepted. Continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil was administered to maintain a Ramsay score of 2-3. The bilateral scalp blockade was performed with ropivacaine. The Mayfield head fixation device was installed and drapes adjusted to maintain the airway and eyes accessible for mapping with electrical stimulation and tumor excision. For dura mater incision, a pad with 2% lidocaine was applied for 3 minutes. The surgery was uneventful. The patient was discharged on the seventh day of hospitalization without presenting complication. CONCLUSION: Although the maintenance of analgesia and hemodynamic stability was a challenge with the patient awake, the target-controlled infusion of propofol provided the desired level of consciousness, remifentanil titrated analgesia and sedation without drug accumulation, and the blockade with ropivacaine provided satisfactory analgesia. We conclude that the anesthetic technique was satisfactory for our patient.

Giant intracranial aneurysms: morphology and clinical presentation.

The purpose of this study was to correlate the morphology of giant intracranial aneurysms (GIA) with their clinical presentation. Eighty patients with GIA, 14 males and 66 females, were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were made to test the associations between morphological and clinical features. The main locations of the unruptured GIA included the carotid cavernous segment, and for the ruptured GIA, the most frequent were the carotid supraclinoid and middle cerebral arteries. There was a significant association among communicating arteries (CA) of "bad" quality and presence of thrombus and calcification (TC). The risk of rupture is 8 times higher in patients with CA of "bad" quality and 11 times higher in patients without TC. GIA are more frequent in the cavernous segment. There is a high rupture risk in the middle cerebral artery. CA of "bad" quality are associated with TC. The rupture risk is significantly higher in patients without TC.

Shwannoma unilateral do acústico em criança sem associação com neurofibromatose / Unilateral acoustic schwannoma in child without neurofibromatosis

Schwannomas do acústico representam 8% dos tumores intracranianos primários do adulto, havendo apenas 20 casos relatados em crianças sem associação com neurofibromatose. Aqueles que ocorrem em crianças geralmente são ricamente vascularizados, sendo preconizada por alguns autores a embolização da lesão antes da cirurgia. Relata-se e discute-se o terceiro caso da literatura nacional de schwannoma do acústico em uma criança sem associação com neurofibromatose. Paciente feminina, de 10 anos, apresentando ataxia, cefaleia e diminuição da acuidade auditiva à direita. A ressonância magnética (RM) mostrou massa tumoral no ângulo pontocerebelar direito sugestiva de meduloblastoma/ependimoma. A análise histopatológica do espécime cirúrgico fez o diagnóstico de schwannoma do acústico. Na investigação clínica, a criança não apresentava neurofibromatose. Embora seja raro em crianças sem associação com neurofibromatose, a hipótese de schwannoma não deve ser descartada em casos de diminuição da acuidade auditiva com RM demonstrando massa tumoral no ângulo pontocerebelar.

Acoustic schwannomas account for 8% of primary adult intracranial tumors, and there are only 20 cases reported in children without neurofibromatosis. These tumors are extremely vascular in children, and some authors recommend a preoperative angiographic embolization. We report and discuss the third case of the national literature of an acoustic schwannoma in a child without neurofibromatosis. 10 year-old female, with ataxia, headache and deafness in the right ear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor mass in the right cerebellopontine angle suggestive of medulloblastoma/ependimoma. The histopathological analyses diagnosed an acoustic schwannoma. None clinical evidence of neurofibromatosis was seen. Although schwannoma is rare in children without neurofibromatosis, this hypothesis can not be dismissing in patients with deafness and MRI reveling tumor mass in the cerebellopontine angle.

Medulloblastoma: evaluation of proliferative index by monoclonal antibody Mib-1, its prognostic correlation and therapeutic implications.

In the past few years, the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 has been used by researchers in order to retrospectively study paraffin imbibed tumor fragments. The medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in childhood. The objectives were: determination of the mean Mib-1 LI value from these patients, as well as the prognostic value of the method. This retrospective study represents an analysis of the cellular proliferation index of posterior fossa medulloblastomas collected from 22 patients at A.C. Camargo Hospital, from January 1990 to December 1999. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed by H&E and proliferative index (LI) was achived with Mib-1 which detects proliferating cells during G1, G2, S and M phases. The results demostrated that the mean Mib-1 was 30,1%, and ranged from 5,2% to 62,0%.In conclusion, this method has prognostic value, has to be used as routine for patients harboring medulloblastomas and the ones who have PI greater than the mean value found in this study, should be treated aggressively.

Medulloblastoma: evaluation of proliferative index by monoclonal antibody Mib-1, its prognostic correlation and therapeutic implications

In the past few years, the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 has been used by researchers in order to retrospectively study paraffin imbibed tumor fragments. The medulloblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor in childhood. The objectives were: determination of the mean Mib-1 LI value from these patients, as well as the prognostic value of the method.This retrospective study represents an analysis of the cellular proliferation index of posterior fossa medulloblastomas collected from 22 patients at A.C. Camargo Hospital, from January 1990 to December 1999. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed by H&E and proliferative index (LI) was achived with Mib-1 which detects proliferating cells during G1, G2, S and M phases.The results demostrated that the mean Mib-1 was 30,1 percent, and ranged from 5,2 percent to 62,0 percent.In conclusion, this method has prognostic value, has to be used as routine for patients harboring medulloblastomas and the ones who have PI greater than the mean value found in this study, should be treated aggressively

Astrocitoma difuso do cerebelo: relato de caso / Diffuse cerebellar astrocytoma: case report

Os astrocitomas benignos sao classificados em pilocítico e difuso. A forma pilocítica é encontrada em 85 por cento das vezes e tem evoluçao melhor. A forma difusa apresenta microscopia semelhante aos astrocitomas de hemisfério cerebral e um prognóstico mais reservado. Apresentamos um caso de astrocitoma difuso de cerebelo com confirmaçao anatomopatológica, porém com comportamento atípico do ponto de vista clínico e neurorradiológico. Nao apresentava imagem nodular, mas um aumento difuso de todo o cerebelo. Nao encontramos caso semelhante na literatura.